The Great Divergence/DH Main article

                            Great Divergence is a term made popular by Kenneth Pomeranz book titled  European Miracle- a term coined by Eric Jones in 1981. Scholars have proposed a wide variety of theories to establish great divergence in the context of geography, culture, colonialism, resources, urbanization etc. Changes in the fringe areas of the cities are widely studied in the United States and the Western States since 1940. The term urban fringe was coined by American geographers describing changes in the population composition of Louisiana, and during the 1940s and 1950s.

The peri-urban context of various countries is different, especially the fringe areas of European countries and Sub-Saharan countries are divergent. Some writers have compared the unprecedented growth of Bengaluru with the situations of Delhi and Paris. In the case of India, peri-urban growth   pattern of each city is different. However peripheral areas of   Bengaluru Metropolitan City has undergone rapid transition due to the unprecedented growth in urbanization, population expansion and IT corridors. Although Bengaluru has eight peri-urban clusters, each periphery is diverse, the growth of    two divergent periphery is traced using Gis based analysis.

South   Bengaluru   Periphery   Kanakapura   Taluk is one among the eight peri urban clusters of Bengaluru. Kanakapura Taluk witnessed gradual expansion as result of rapid growth of Bengaluru city. For the past decade the Taluk has been known relatively large in its population and size. Kanakapura   Taluk is known for its connectivity, Physical Infrastructure , Social Infrastructure and Affordable housing and industrial developments. Therefore it is paramount to detect the lulc changes in order to determine its direction of future expansion. Kanakapura   Taluk  is easily accessible from other suburbs such as Bannerghatta Road, Electronic City and Jayanagar. Connectivity and strong infrastructure has fueled the growth of real estate in Kanakapura Road. The peri-urban influence of Kanakapura Taluk is mainly because of the Bengaluru city influence.

The land use land cover pattern analysis shows there is a gradual change in the lulc pattern in Kanakapura Taluk , Bengaluru .  Kanapura Taluk has more of green cover, agricultural land ,over a period of 17 years there is a gradual transition .The agricultural land is gradually changed for other purposes. The South Bengaluru is a growing commercial and residential space. Kanakapura is 56 km from Bengaluru city, however the peri urban growth is due to Bengaluru city influence says Experts. The key drivers of growth include upcoming Metro line, NICE road connectivity, widening of National Highway 209 etc. Kanakapura Taluk   has significant development due to industrial and manufacturing units within Kanakapura .As a peripheral location it has gained attention because of influence of Bengaluru, especially NICE road  says T.L. Lakshmipathi, Joint Director, Kanakapura LPA. Land Use pattern has changed mainly because of significant infrastructural changes , changing industrial commercial and residential land uses.

East Periphery   Hoskote  is 25km away from Bangalore city. It is one the surrounding satellite towns of Bangalore to Chennai on the North eastern part of Bangalore. Hoskote is a Taluk headquarter   and situated on major transport corridors .The development in the Metropolitan area of Bangalore extending beyond the green belt have created lot of potential for areas in and around Hoskote town .Hoskote located on the eastern side of Bengaluru laying at the intersection of National Highway (NH) 4 and NH 207.Hoskote is most   sought-after by property investors. There is growing demand   for residential options ,his is due to its  proximity to the IT hub of Whitefield   as well as the industrial activity in the region. The peripheral   area around Hoskote are surrounded by IT/ITeS hubs on Old Madras Road, Whitefield, and commercial development in the north-east quadrant of the Outer Ring Road (ORR). This region is developed due to demand for residential areas. Moreover   development of the proposed apparel park, self-contained townships, hospitality projects and improved connectivity via metro has changed the scenario.

The  land use land cover analysis  shows the land use changes in Hoskote  Taluk from 2000 to 2017.There is change in the land use pattern over 17 years. Hoskote   Taluk has 54,857 hectares of land.  In 2000 major portion of it was farm land, 32580 ha. That is 59.34 % of the total land use. However the waste land or fallow land constituted second, 15901 Ha. It is 28.96 % of total land use. But over a period of 17 years the agrarian land is converted to different other purposes. By the year 2017 farm land was reduced to 25064 that is 45.69 % where as the built up land has increased to 3153.95, it is 5.74  % of the total land use and waste land is 21325.2 that is 38.87% of the total land use. There is a significant   change in the land use land cover pattern in the Hoskote Taluk. Hoskote is a peripheral area located on the eastern side of Bengaluru laying at the intersection of National Highway (NH) 4 and NH 207.Hoskote has close proximity to Whitefield that is a major IT hub of the city. There is a surge in demand of residential units, nearby areas such as Hoskote is also on the continuous spree of development to feed the rising demand from Whitefield. Transition in Hoskote has taken place after 2010 says Mr.Nagabhooshan, Land expert, Hoskote LPA.

The   study reveals     divergent   nature of   Bengaluru periphery. Challenges arise from the ways that cities grow and change especially   the emerging mega cities in developing countries. The above two dynamic clusters of South East Bengaluru explore  physical  and socio economic dynamics of change and helps to understand different levels of change in the peri urban systems in city’s context. Urban sprawl   in the form high density, discontinues and dispersed urban development is now a common phenomenon throughout Indian cities. The peri urban acts as a litmus test of change and transition not just locally but in the whole city region or the ‘rural urban region’.

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